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4 Dec 2010
The 25th Plagiarism Case
Against Shi-min Fang
Darwin's Orchids
方舟子抄袭剽窃100例之25——《达尔文的兰花》
by 亦明
【Admin:
On July 19, 2006, Shi-min
Fang published a
science essay titled Darwin's Orchids
in China Youth, which in
recent years seems to have devoted to
misleading Chinese youth on science with
Fang's misinformation. This essay,
fortunately, does provide factual
knowledge, because, of 1,400 characters
in the essay, two thirds were translated
into Chinese, some word by word, even
punctuation by punctuation, from two
published English articles, Madagascar
"Predicted Moth": An Ill-Known
Success of Cryptozoology by Michel
Raynal and The Flower and the Fly by
Laura Sessions and Steven Johnson. As
usual, Fang did not bother to mention the
sources of his information and
translation but presented the text in a
way as though it was his original work.
In this article, Fraud
Fang Master Buster Yi
Ming places the
English text appeared online since 1999
and 2005 respectively along side with
Fang's writing in Chinese for everyone to
judge if Fang has committed another fraud
offence.
Master Yi Ming has
selected 100 incidents from a huge number
of Fang's plagiarism cases and this is
the 25th. We cannot stop Wondering from
whom Fang learned this highly proficient
lifting techniques, from Professor
Zachary Burton? Nay, can't be! Or, can?】
2006年7月19日，《中国青年报》发表了方舟子的科普文章，《达尔文的兰花》。。不计标点符号，全文不到1400字，其中大约三分之二抄袭自下面这两篇文章：
Michel
Raynal: MADAGASCAR "PREDICTED
MOTH": AN ILL-KNOWN SUCCES OF
CRYPTOZOOLOGY. cryptozoo.pagesperso-orange.fr/
dossiers/moth.htm （该网页注明： last update: 14
July 1999）
Sessions,
L. A., Johnson, S. D.: THE FLOWER AND
THE FLY. Natural History, March
2005.
explorebiology.com/
documents/EXCR_NatHist-FlowerAndFly.pdf.
下面是比较 【The
following are the comparison of the texts
by Shi-min Fang and that of by Michel
Raynal】：
方舟子1：1862年，在《物种起源》发表3年后，达尔文出版了一部研究兰花的著作。达尔文研究兰花的目的，是要证明自然选择是生物进化的动力，为《物种起源》提供补充材料。
Michel Raynal：“In 1862, the famous
naturalist Charles Darwin published a
book on the evolutionary biology of
orchids, On the Various Contrivances
by which British and Foreign Orchids
are Fertilised by Insects.”
方舟子2：但是有一种原产马达加斯加的彗星兰却让达尔文感到了为难。这种彗星兰拉丁文学名的意思是“一尺半”，其名称源自它那“令人惊骇”（达尔文语）的花的形状：它有又长又细的花距，从花的开口到底部是一条长达11.5英寸（29.2厘米）的细管，只有底部1.5英寸（3.8厘米）处才有花蜜。“什么样的昆虫能够吸到它的花蜜？”达尔文大胆地预测：“在马达加斯加必定生活着一种蛾，它们的喙能够伸到10到11英寸长！”
Michel Raynal： “One of these
orchids from Madagascar, Angraecum
sesquipedale, had nectaries eleven
and a half inches (28.6 cm) long,
with only the lower inch and a half
(3.8 cm) filled with nectar. From the
structure of this orchid, Darwin ‘predicted’
the existence of an unknown moth: ‘It
is, however, surprising that any
insect should be able to reach the
nectar: our English sphinxes have
probosces as long as their bodies ;
but in Madagascar there must be moths
with probosces capable of extension
to a length of between ten and eleven
inches !’ (Darwin 1862).”
方舟子3：不过达尔文的盟友、曾经独立提出自然选择学说的华莱士则坚定地站在达尔文一边。他写道：“可以很安全地预测在马达加斯加存在这样的蛾；访问那个岛屿的博物学家应该抱着和天文学家寻找海王星一样的信心去寻找它，我斗胆预测他们将会同样成功！”
Michel Raynal：“Meanwhile, Alfred
Russel Wallace, …… came to the
same conclusion: ‘……That such a
moth exists in Madagascar may be
safely predicted ; and naturalists
who visit that island should search
for it with as much confidance as
astronomers searched for the planet
Neptune, and I venture to predict
they will be equally successful !’
(Wallace 1867, 1871).”
方舟子4：1873年，著名博物学家赫曼•缪勒在《自然》杂志上报告说他的哥哥曾经在巴西抓到过喙长达25厘米的天蛾，说明达尔文的预测并不那么荒唐。
Michel Raynal：“Herman Müller, in
the July 17 issue of the same year,
mentioned that his brother had caught
in Brazil a sphinx ‘the proboscis
of which has a length of about 0.25
metres’, demonstrating that
Darwin's moth was not at all
impossible (Müller 1873). ”
方舟子5：1903年，这种蛾终于在马达加斯加被找到了——一种长着25厘米长的喙、像小鸟一般大小（展翅13-15厘米）的大型天蛾。它被命名为“预测”。这时候距离达尔文做出预测已过了41年。
Michel Raynal：“This ‘cryptolepidoptere’
was actually found and described 41
years after Darwin's prediction: it
belonged to that very species, but it
was a new sub-species, which
Rothschild and Jordan named Xanthopan
morgani praedicta in 1903, i.e. ‘predicted’,
which is fully justified (Rothschild
and Jordan 1903). This insect has a
wing span of 13 to 15 cm, of the
color of a dead leaf and its
proboscis is actually 25 cm (ten
inches) long. ”
方舟子6：达尔文之所以敢于做出这个令人惊骇的预测，是因为他深知自然选择的威力。兰花的花距应该略长于授粉者的喙，这样授粉者在尽量伸长喙去吸花距底部的花蜜时，身体挤压到花冠，花粉才会沾到授粉者的身上。因此，在这样的情形下，兰花的花距越长，就会迫使授粉者沾到更多的花粉，就越容易留下更多的后代。反过来，授粉者的喙越长，就越容易吸到花蜜，有更充足的营养，也就越容易留下更多的后代。如此这般长期互相竞赛的结果，使兰花的花距变得越来越长，天蛾的喙也变得越来越长。
Sessions &
Johnson：“Critical to
Darwin's prediction was his suspicion
that pollination could take place
only if the depth of a plant's
flowers matched or exceeded the
length of a pollinator's tongue. Only
then would the body of the pollinator
be pressed firmly enough against the
reproductive parts of the flower to
transfer pollen effectively as the
pollinator fed. Thus, as ever deeper
flowers evolved through enhanced
reproductive success, moths with ever
longer proboscises would also,
preferentially, live long enough to
reproduce, because they would most
readily reach the available supplies
of nourishing nectar. Longer
proboscises would lead yet again to
selection for deeper flower tubes.”
方舟子7：在南非，生活着十几种“长鼻苍蝇”，它们也长着细长的喙，长度可以与“预测”天蛾相媲美，而身体却小得多。相应的，在那里有许多种有着细长的花距的花由它们传粉。
Sessions & Johnson：“The meganosed fly
(Moegistorhynchus longirostris) of
southern Africa, ……. has a
bizarre appearance that reveals an
underlying truth. Its proboscis,
……protrudes as much as four
inches from its head—five times the
length of its bee-size body. ……The
outlandish proboscis gives the
meganosed fly access to nectar pools
in long, deep flowers that are simply
out of reach to insects with shorter
mouthparts.
方舟子8：在马达加斯加还有一种与“一尺半”彗星兰同属的兰花，它的花距还要长，长达40厘米。1991年，美国昆虫学家基因•克里茨基（Gene Kritsky）学达尔文做出预测：在马达加斯加还存在着一种未知的大型蛾类，其喙长达38厘米！
Michel
Raynal：“History
now seems to be repeating itself :
American entomologist Gene Kritsky,
of the Mount Saint Joseph on the Ohio
College in Cincinnati, recently made
an hypothesis similar to Darwin's
prediction. Another Madagascar
orchid, Angraecum longicalcar, has a
rostrellum still deeper than that of
A. sesquipedale : about 16 inches (40
cm). Consequently, Gene Kritsky
predicted in the American
Entomologist of Winter 1991 the
existence of another unknown large
moth in Madagascar, with a proboscis
15 inches (38 cm) long ！(Kritsky
1991, Angier 1992).”
方舟子9：也许用不着再等41年，又会有一种奇特的天蛾令人惊骇。
Michel Raynal：Let us hope that we
will not have to wait 41 years before
this new predicted moth will be
found...
应该承认，方舟子在抄袭之时，也作了一点儿贡献，那就是计算出了11.5英寸等于29.2厘米，而不是Michel Raynal所说的28.6厘米。哇！
Comments
from viewers of the article posted on
rainbowplan.org:
长期潜水:
建议每篇文后都附上方舟子对抄袭的定义和评价“‘成段的引文献’也算抄袭，大概是松鼠会的独创；但是‘直接是英语文章翻过来的’却公认是抄袭。我被人称为‘学术打假人士’，整天揭发别人抄袭，如果自己也干抄袭的勾当，这样的‘人’是该被分到最卑劣的一群里头去的。"
I would
like to suggest to include a statement
solemnly uttered out by Shi-min Fang regarding
plagiarism: "It is generally
recognized that to present text directly
translated from an article written by
someone else in another language as one's
own constitutes plagiarism. I have been
regarded as a fraud buster and
specialised in exposing plagiarism
offences of others, so if I have done the
same, I must be one of the most wretched
creatures on earth." 【Admin:
Shi-min
fang is not only one
of the MOST wretched creatures on planet
as Yi Ming has proved in his Fang busting
articles but must be in the terminal
stage of positive schizophrenia,
with his words and his actions crash
against each other head on.】
xxx....:
亦明兄的方舟子剽窃系列，应作为中国大学生科学伦理道德课程之一.
方剽窃抄袭最传神的是最后一句的那个惊叹号"!".
Brother Yi Ming's
article series on Shi-min Fang's
plagiarism cases should be made into the
ethic lecture for all science students.
In Fang's Darwin's Orchids, the
most fascinating part is the exclamation
mark in the end. Boy, he could not even
resist his urge to lifting a punctuation:
方舟子：其喙长达38厘米！
Michel Raynal：with a
proboscis 15 inches (38 cm) long !
建议大家给中青报和中宣部打电话，质问他们意欲何为
为何长年累月刊登剽窃文章，坑害读者？
We should call China
Youth and the Department of
Information Management, we want to know
what they are gonna do and why they keep
publishing articles that violate
copyright laws?
爱玩儿:
唉，中青报上的《转基因玉米更有益健康》、《当你遭遇袭击
》 连抄带错的，都给出了，中青报是不是没文章可发了呢？
Plagiarim?
Big deal, phew! China Youth has
even published two articles by Fang that
are not only violate copyright but full
of misinformation, one is titled GM
Corns Are Healthier Food than Organic
Corns and another is called When
You Face a Violent Assault. Maybe China
Youth just doesn't have any other
articles to publish.
你写的：
我一直为中国青年报的读者悲哀。
I always
feel sorry for the readers of China
Youth.
爱玩儿:
又是《中国青年报》，它不怕惹版权官司吗？
China Youth
again. Don't they ever worried about they
may one day face legal challenges?
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