Translated into Chinese by Admin, 12 March 2008

Storming "Heaven" (1)

This research paper was published by Revolutionary Worker on February 22, 1998 at revcom.us/a/firstvol/tibet/tibet2.htm.The following are the excerpts and Chinese translations:

By 1949, People's Liberation Army had defeated all the main reactionary armies in central China. But the big powers in the world were moving quickly to crush and "contain" this revolution. French troops invaded Vietnam, south of China's border. By 1950, a massive U.S. invasion force would land in Korea with plans to threaten China itself.

1949年，中国人民解放军解放了全中国。与此同时，国际强权很快设立了遏制中国的包围圈：法国军队侵入了越南，美国军队进驻了南朝鲜并以此威胁中国。

The western mountains and grasslands of China's border areas are inhabited by dozens of different national groupings, whose cultures are different from China's majority Han people. One of those regions, Tibet, had been locally ruled as an isolated, "water-tight" kingdom by a class of serf-owners, headed by the monk-abbots of large Lamaist monasteries. During the Chinese civil war, Tibet's ruling class conspired to set up a phony "independent" state that was really under the wing of British colonialism.

在中国西部的山地中和草原上居住着数十个少数民族群体，他们的文化和占中国压倒多数的汉族人的文化很有些不同。其中的一个少数民族区域叫西藏，为一群政教合一的喇嘛统治着。这群喇嘛趁着中国爆发内战的机会在英国的怂恿下宣布独立，而实际上成为了英国的殖民地。

Maoist revolutionaries were determined to bring revolution to Tibet--to secure China's border regions against invasion and to liberate the millions of oppressed Tibetan serfs there. There was no doubt that Mao's hardened peasant-soldiers could defeat any army of Tibetan feudalists.

毛泽东决心解放西藏百万受奴役的农奴并由此巩固中国的西南边境。毫无疑问，毛泽东的解放大军可以轻易地一举粉碎西藏农奴主的任何反抗。

But the revolution faced a problem: The huge, sparsely populated region of Tibet had been completely isolated from the revolutionary war sweeping the rest of China. Mao Tsetung taught that a true revolution must rely on the masses--on the needs, wishes, and actions of the oppressed people themselves.

但是有一个问题：落后而封闭的藏区对当时席卷中国的革命一无所知。而毛泽东一向认为任何一个真正意义上的革命必须为受压迫群众所需要和支持。

China's new revolutionary government offered Tibet's rulers a deal: Tibet would be reattached to the Chinese republic, but for the time being the regime of Tibetan serf-owners (called the Kashag) could continue to rule as a local government, operating under the leadership of the Central People's government. The Maoists would not abolish feudal practices, or challenge the Lamaist religion until the people themselves supported such changes. The People's Liberation Army would safeguard China's borders from imperialist intervention, and foreign agents would be expelled from Lhasa. About half of the Tibetan population lived in regions of Tsinghai and Chamdo that were not under the political rule of the Kashag. These regions were not covered by the proposal.

中央政府于是和西藏政府协议：西藏回归中华人民共和国，而西藏政府可作为地方政府在一段时间内继续其政教合一的农奴制统治，直到西藏民众自愿起来改革此落后和野蛮的喇嘛统治制度。解放大军将进驻西藏守卫中国的西南边疆，一切外国间谍机构必须离开拉萨。有近半数的藏民居住在西藏以外的由汉族和其它民族混居的区域，所有那些区域将不包括在上述协议之内。

The Tibetan serf-owners signed this special "17-point agreement" and on October 26, 1951, the People's Liberation Army peacefully marched into Lhasa.

西藏政府签署了此“17条协议”，1951年10月26日中国人民解放军和平进驻西藏。

The most powerful serf-owning families started to plan an armed uprising. The Dalai Lama's brother traveled abroad to cement ties with the CIA, to get arms and request political recognition. Monasteries organized secret conferences and spread wild rumors among the masses: like saying Han revolutionaries fueled their trucks with the blood of stolen Tibetan children. Long mule-trains of U.S. arms started winding their way from India to key Tibetan monasteries. The CIA set up combat training centers for its Tibetan agents, eventually based in the high altitude of Camp Hale, Colorado. CIA planes dropped weapons into Tibet's eastern Kham region.

不久西藏最有权势的农奴主家族蓄谋反叛。达赖喇嘛的哥哥去美国与中情局谋划武装叛乱。喇嘛寺庙频繁开会接头，并四处散布谣言，诸如汉人军队用藏人儿童的血浆作汽车燃料。美国便衣武装开始经由印度进入西藏并渗入到主要的喇嘛庙中，中情局甚至专门成立了西藏分局并用飞机在西藏散发鼓动叛乱的传单。

[2] [3]

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Next: Storming "Heaven" (2)

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• A Culture of Black Magic
• A Tibetan's View
• 67 Pieces of Human Body Parts
• Lhasa Riot Survivor's Account
• The True Stories in Tibet
• First Hand Encounter of Lhasa Riot

• An Online Exchange on Lhasa Riot

• Chinese Treasures in the West
• A Courageous Warrior
• Three French Men
• Chai Mingchao
• Distortion by Western Medium
• Democracy via Internet
• A Judge's Justice